PART OF SPEECH

PART OF SPEECH (JENIS KATA DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS)

1.      NOUN (KATA BENDA) Example: A book, A money, A student, Affection

a.       Abstract Noun (kata benda yang tidak dapat dilihat) Example: Air, Wind, Love

b.       Concrete Noun (kata benda nyata)

2.      PRONOUN (KATA GANTI BENDA) Terdiri dari: I, You, They, We, She, He, It

3.      VERB (KATA KERJA) Example: To be, To study, To read, To write

4.      ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN)

a.       Adverb of Place (kata keterangan tempat) Example: In Sydney, At University

b.       Adverb of Time (kata keterangan waktu)Example: Now, Yesterday, Tomorrow

c.       Adverb of Frequency (kata keterangan keseringan) Example: Always, Usually, Everyday

d.       Adverb of Manner (kata keterangan cara) Example: Hard, Diligently, Fluently

5.      ADJECTIVE (KATA SIFAT = KATA YANG MENSIFATI BENDA)

Example: Beautiful, Big, Red, Happy, Angry, Sleepy

6.      PREPOSITON (KATA DEPAN) Terdiri dari: In, On, At, Above, Under

7.      CONJUNCTION (KATA SAMMBUNG) Terdiri dari: And, Or, But

8.      INTERJECTION (KATA SERU) Example: Oh my God!, Holly Lord!, Watch Out!

KALIMAT

A.      Kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dibedakan menjadi dua

1.       Kalimat Verba (kalimat yang berpredikat kata kerja)

a.       Kalimat Verba Aktif

Kalimat yang menggunakan Subject sebagai pelaku yaitu Subject yang melakukan suatu kegiatan atau perbuatan

b.       Kalimat Verba Pasif

Kalimat yang menggunakan Subject penderita atau Subject dikenai pekerjaan

2.       Kalimat Nomina (kalimat yang Predikatnya bukan kata kerja melainkan = kata sifat, kata benda, kata keterangan, kata keadaan, bilangan)

B.      Kalimat Verba dan Nomina disusun berdasarkan waktu terjadinya peristiwa yang dibicarakan dalam kalimat tersebut

C.      Tenses

a.       General Meaning yaitu suatu wahana yang didasari oleh sifat manusia untuk memenuhi karakter manusia melalui ekspresi kejadian di masa lampau, masa sekarang, dan masa yang akan datang

b.       Specific Meaning yaitu perubahan pola kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris untuk mengekspresikan kejadian di masa lalu, masa sekarang, dan masa yang akan datang

c.       Terdapat 4 Bentuk waktu dalam Bahasa Inggris

1.       Simple Present

Present Continuous (progressive)

Present Prefect

Present Prefect Continuous (progressive)

2.       Simple Past

Past Continuous (progressive)

Past Prefect

Past Prefect Continuous (progressive)

3.       Simple Future

Future Continuous (progressive)

Future Prefect

Future Prefect Continuous (progressive)

4.       Simple Past Future

Past Future Continuous (progressive)

Past Future Prefect

Past Future Prefect Continuous (progressive)

UNSUR – UNSUR KALIMAT

POLA KALIMAT  DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

SVOA (Subject Verb Object Adjective)

A.      SUBJECT

Subject merupakan salah satu pokok unsure kalimat ada tiga kelompok Subject yaitu orang pertama, orang kedua dan orang ketiga

-        Singular (tunggal): I, You, She, He, It

-        Pural (jamak): We, You, They

B.      TO BE

“To be” merupakan salah satu unsur kalimat yang diletakkan setelah Subject

Adapun To Be tersebut adalah: Is, Am, Are, Was, Were, Has, Have, Will, Would, Had, Shall, Should dan “to be” tersebut digunakan sesuai dengan bentuk waktu

C.      VERB (KATA KERJA)

Verb merupakan unsur pokok penyusun kalimat yang terdiri dari Regular Verb (kata kerja beraturan) and Irregular Verb (kata kerja tak beraturan)

1.      REGULAR VERB (KATA KERJA BERATURAN)

Digunakan untuk menyusun kalimat baik aktif maupun pasif (kalimat verba) dimana memiliki bentuk yang hamper sama  dalam Past, Present, Future untu mengubah kata kerja yang beraturan dari Infinitive (bentuk pertama = V I) ke Past (bentuk ke dua = V II) dan Past Participle (bentuk ke tiga = V III) cukup menambah huruf “ED” atau “D” pada kata tersebut

REGULAR VERB YANG DITAMBAH HURUF “ED”

INFINITIVE	PAST = PAST PARTICIPLE	MEANING
Abolish Accept Accompany Admit Appear Apply Ask Avoid Call Cheat Check Claim Conduct Confirm Connect Cook Copy Count Cry Jump Kick Kill Kiss Knock Lift Limit Listen Look Miss Obey Offend Offer Open Paint Pass Perform Play Present Print Pull Push Refresh Repair Reply Rob Rub Sail Satisfy Spray Stop Supply Talk Travel Defend Deliver Design Destroy Develop Disturb Dry Earn Empty Enjoy Explain Fold Fry Help Insist Instruct Visit Wait Walk Wash Watch Whisper Worry Yawn Yell	Abolished Accepted Accompanied Admitted Appeared Applied Asked Avoided Called Cheated Checked Claimed Conducted Confirmed Connected Cooked Copied Counted Cried Jumped Kicked Killed Kissed Knocked Lifted Limited Listened Looked Missed Obeyed Offended Offered Opened Painted Passed Performed Played Presented Printed Pulled Pushed Refreshed Repaired Replied Robbed Rubbed Sailed Satisfied Sprayed Stopped Supplied Talked Traveled Defended Delivered Designed Destroyed Developed Disturbed Dried Earned Emptied Enjoyed Explained Folded Fried Helped Insisted Instructed Visited Waited Walked Washed Watched Whispered Worried Yawned Yelled	Menghapus Menerima Menemani Mengakui Muncul, Nampak Menggunakan Meminta, Bertanya Menghindar Memanggil Menipu Memeriksa Menuntut Memimpin Menegaskan Menghubungkan Memasak Menyalin Menghitung Menaggis Melonjat Menyepak Membunuh Mencium Mengetuk Mengangkat Membatasi Mendengarkan Melihat Mencampur Mematuhi Menyakiti hati Menawarkan Membuka Melukis , Mengecat Lulus, Melewati Melakukan, Memainkan Bermain Menyajikan Mencetak Menarik Mendorong Menyegarkan Memmperbaiki Menjawab Merampok Menggosok Berlayar Memuaskan Menyemprot Berhenti Menyediakan Berbicara Berpergian Mempertahankan Menyerahkan Merencanakan Memusnahkan Mengembangkan Mengganggu Menggeringkan Memperoleh Mengosongkan Menikmati Menjelaskan Melipat Mengoreng Menolong Bersikeras Memerintahkan Menggunjungi Menunggu Berjalan Mencuci Menjaga, Menonton Membisikkan Khawatir, Mencemaskan Menguap karena ngantuk Berteriak memekik

REGULAR VERB DITAMBAH HURUF “D”

INFINITIVE	PAST = PAST PARTICIPLE	MEANING
Admire Advise Arrange Change Close Observe Occur Operate Phone Prepare Provide Smoke Tie Underline Dance Declare Delete Describe Divide Escape Examine Imagine Improve Use Whistle	Admired Advised Arranged Changed Closed Observed Occurred Operated Phoned Prepared Provided Smoked Tied Underlined Danced Declared Deleted Described Divided Escaped Examined Imagined Improved Used Whistled	Mengagumi Menasehati Menyusun Mengubah Menutup Mengamati Terjadi Mengoperasikan Menelpon Mempersiapkan Menyediakan Merokok Mengikat Mengaris bawahi Berdanca Mengumumkan Mengahapus Melukiskan Membagi Meloloskan diri Memeriksa Membayangkan Memeperbaiki Memakai, Menggunakan Bersiul

 

2.      IRREGULAR VERB (KATA KERJA TAK BERATURAN)

Memiliki bentuk yang berbeda mulai dari kata kerja Infinitive (kata kerja bentuk satu = V I) ke Past (kata kerja bentuk dua = V II) dan Past Participle (Kata kerja bentuk ke tiga = V III)

IRREGULAR VERB (KATA KERJA TAK BERATURAN)

INFINITIVE	PAST TENSE	PAST PARTICIPLE	MEANING
Abide Arise Awake Be (am, are, is) Bear Beat Become Befall Beget Begin Behold Bend Bereave Beseech Beset Bespeak Bespread Bestride Bestrew Bet Betake Bethink Bid Bide Bind Bite Bleed Blend Bless Blow Break Breed Bring Broadcast Browbeat Build Burn Burst Buy Cast Catch Chide Cleave Choose Cling Come Cost Creep Crow Cut Dare Deal Dig Do Draw Dream Drink Drive Dwell Eat Fall Feed Feel Fight Find Flee Fling Fly Forbear Forbid Forecast Forego Foreknow Foresee Foretell Forget Forgive Forsake Forswear Freeze Gainsay Get Gild Gird Give Go Grave Grind Grow Hamstring Hung Have, Has Hear Heave Hew Hide Hit Hold Hurt Inlay Keep Kneel Knit Know Lade Lay Lead Lean Leap Learn Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Melt Misdeal Mislay Mislead Mistake Misunderstand Mow Outdo Outgrow Outrun Outshine Outspread Outwear Overbear Overcast Overcome Overdo Overdraw Overeat Overfeed Overgrow Overhang Overhear Overlay Overleap Override Overrun Oversee Overset Oversleep Overspread Overtake Overthrow Overwork Partake Pay Prove Put Quit Read Rebuild Recast Relay Rend Repay Reset Retell Rid Ride Ring Rise Rive Run Saw Say See Seek Sell Send Set Sew Shake Shave Shear Shed Shine Shoe Shoot Show Shred Shrink Shut Sing Sink Sit Slay Sleep Slide Sling Slink Slit Smell Sow Speak Speed Spell Spend Spill Spin Spit Split Spoil Spread Spring Stand Stave Steal Stick Strew Sting Stride Strike String Strive Sunburn Swear Sweat Sweep Swim Swing Take Teach Tear Tell Think Thrive Throw Thrust Tread Unbind Underbid Undergo Undersell Understand Undertake Underwrite Undo Upset Wake Wear Weave Wed Weep Wet Win Wind Withdraw Withhold Withstand Work Wring Write	Abode Arose Awoke Was, Were Bore, Bare Beat Became Befell Begot Began Beheld Bent, Bended Bereaved, Bereft Besought Beset Bespoke Bespread Bestrode Bestrewed Bet, Betted Betook Bethought Bade, Bit Bode, Bided Bound Bit Bled Blended Blessed, Blest Blew Broke Bred Brought Broadcasted Browbeat Built Burn, Burned Burst Bought Cast Caught Chide Clove Chose Clung Came Cost Crept Crowed, Crew Cut Dared, Durst Dealt Dug Did Drew Dreamed, Dreamt Drank Drove Dwelt Ate Fell Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flung Flew Forbore Forbade, Forbad Forecast, Forecasted Forwent Foreknew Foresaw Foretold Forgot Forgave Forsook Forswore Froze Gainsaid Got Gilded, Gilt Girded, Girt Gave Went Graved Ground Grew Hamstrung Hung, Hanged Had Heard Heaved Hewed Hid Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Kept Kneeled, Knelt Knit, Knitted Knew Laded Laid Led Leant, Leaned Leapt, Leaped Learned, Learnt Left Lent Let Lay Lighted, Lit Lost Made Meant Met Melted Misdealt Mislaid Misled Mistook Misunderstood Mowed Outdid Outgrew Outran Outshone Outspread Outwore Overbore Overcast Overcame Overdid Overdrew Overate Overfed Overgrew Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overleapt Overrode Overran Oversaw Overset, Overshoot Overslept Overspread Overtook Overthrew Overworked Partook Paid Proved Put Quit, Quitted Read, Red Rebuilt Recast Relaid Rent Repaid Reset Retold Ridden, Rid Rode Rang, Rung Rose Rived Ran Sawed Said Saw Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed Shook Shaved Sheared, Shore Shed Shone Shod Shot Showed Shred Shrink, Shrunk Shut Sang Sank, Sunk Sat Slew Slept Slid Slunk Slunk Slit Smelt, Smelled Sowed Spoke Sped Spelt Spent Spilt, Spilled Spun, Span Spit, Spat Split Spoilt, Spoiled Spread Sprang Stood Staved, Stove Stole Stuck Strewed Stung Strode Struck Strung Strove Sunburned Swore Sweat Swept Swam Swung Took Taught Tore Told Though Thrive, Throve Threw Thrust Trod Unbent Underbid Underwent Undersold Understood Undertook Underwrote Undid Upset Waked, Woke Wore Wove Wedded Wept Wet Won Winded, Wound Withdrew Withheld Withstood Worked Wrung, Wrought Wrote	Abode, Abided Arisen Awoke, Awaked Been Borne, Born Beaten Become Befallen Begotten, Begot Begun Beheld Bent, Bended Bereaved, Bereft Besought Beset Bespoken Bespread Bestridden Bestrewed Bet, Betted Betaken Bethought Bidden, Bid Bided Bound Bitten, Bit Bled Blended Blessed, Blest Blown Broken, Broke Bred Brought Broadcasted Browbeaten Built Burn, Burred Burst Bought Cast Caught Chide, Chidden Cloven, Cleft Chosen Clung Come Cost Crept Crowed Cut Dared Dealt Dug Done Drawn Dreamed, Dreamt Drunk Driven Dwelt Eaten Fallen Fed Felt Fought Found Fled Flung Flown Forbore Forbidden Forecasted Foregone Foreknown Foreseen Foretold Forgotten Forgiven Forsaken Forsworn Frozen Gainsaid Got, Gotten Gilded, Gilt Girded, Girt Given Gone Graved, Graven Ground Grown Hamstrung Hung, Hanged Had Heard Heaved Hewed, Hewn Hid, Hidden Hit Held Hurt Inlaid Kept Kneeled, Knelt Knit, Knitted Known Laden Laid Led Leant, Leaned Leapt, Leaped Learned, Learnt Left Lent Let Lain Lighted, Lit Lost Made Meant Met Melted, Molted Misdealt Mislaid Misled Mistaken Misunderstood Mown Outdone Outgrown Outrun Outshone Outspread Outworn Overborne Overcast Overcome Overdone Overdrawn Overeaten Overfed Overgrown Overhung Overheard Overlaid Overleapt Overridden Overrun Overseen Overset, Overshot Overslept Overspread Overtaken Overthrown Overworked Partaken Paid Proved, Proven Put Quit, Quitted Read, Red Rebuilt Recast Relaid Rent Repaid Reset Retold Ridden, Rid Ridden Rung Risen Rived Run Sawed, Sawn Said Seen Sought Sold Sent Set Sewed, Sewn Shaken Shaved Sheared, Shorn Shed Shone Shod Shot Showed, Shown Shred Shrink, Shrunk Shut Sung Sank, Sunken Sat Slew Slept Slid Slunk Slunk Slit Smelt, Smelled Sowed, Sown Spoken Sped Spelt, Spelled Spent Spilt, Spilled Spun Spit, Spat Split Spoilt, Spoiled Spread Sprung Stood Staved, Stove Stolen Stuck Strewed, Strewed Stung Stridden Struck Strung Striven Sunburned Sworn Sweated Swept Swum Swung Taken Taught Torn Told Though Thrived, Thriven Thrown Thrust Trodden, Trod Unbound Underbid Undergone Undersold Understood Undertaken Underwritten Undone Upset Waked, Woken Worn Wove Wedded Wept Wetted Won Winded, Wound Withdrawn Withheld Withstood Worked Wrung, Wrought Written	Berdiam Terbit Bangun Akan ada Akan ada, Lahir Memukul menjadi Menjadi Menimpa Melahirkan Mulai Melihat Membengkokan Merampas Memohon Mengelilingi Memesan Menyebar, Menutupi Mengangkangi Menaburkan Bertaruh Pergi, Melarikan diri Berfikir, Mengingat Minta, Menawar Menuggu, Menemani Mengikat Mengigit Berdarah Bercampur Memberkati Bertiup, Menghembus Memecahkan Memelihara, mendidik Membawa Memancarkan Menggertak Membangun Membakar Merekah, Meledak Membeli Melempar Menangkap Menangkap Membela Memilih Melekat Datang, Mendekat Berharga Merangkak Berkokok, Bangga Memotong Memberanikan diri Membagi, Berdagang Menggali Mengerjakan Mengambar Bermimpi Minum Mengendarai Merenungkan Makan Jatuh Member makan Merasa Berkelahi Menemukan Melarikan diri Membuang Terbang Menahan diri Melarang Meramalkan Mendahului Mengetahui Sebelumnya Mengetahui lebih dulu Meramalkan Melipakan Memaafkan Meninggalkan Mengingkari Membekukan Membantah Memperoleh Menyepuh emas Mengikat Member Pergi Memahat Mengasah Tumbuh, Timbul Bergantung Mengantung Mempunyai Mendengar Mengangkat Memotong Bersembunyi Memukul Memegang, Menahan Melukai Menaruh, Menata Memegang, Menyimpan Berlutut, Bersujud Merajut Mengenal, Mengetahui Memuat Menaruh Memimpin Bersandar Meloncat, Meloncati Mendengar, Belajar Meninggalkan Meminjamkan Membiarkan Berbaring, Terletak Menerangi Kehilangan Membuat Bermaksud Bertemu Melebur Salah membagi Lupa menempatkan Menyesatkan Salah mengira Salah mengerti Menyabit Melibihi Tumbuh lebih cepat Berlari lebih cepat Bersih lebih terang Terbuka lebar Mengatasi, Menjadi tua Menindih, Melebihi Mendung, Berawan Mengatasi Melebih – lebihkan Melukiskan berlebih Terlalu banyak makan Terlalu banyak memberi Menyabut Bergantung Kebetulan mendengar Menutupi Meloncati Menginjak – nginjak Membanjiri, Melewati Mengamati Meleset, Terlanjur Kesiangan Meliputi, Menutupi Menyusul, Mengejar Menjatuhkan Bekerja melampui batas Mengambil bagian Membayar Membuktikan Meletakkan Meninggalkan Membaca Mendirikan kembali Menuangkan lagi Mengulangi Mengoyak Membayar kembali Memasang lagi Menceritakan lagi Membersihkan Menunggang Berdering Terbit, Naik Merobek, Membela Berlari Mengergaji Mengatakan Melihat Mencari Menjual Mengirim Menaruh Menjahit Bergoncang Mencukur Mencukur, Mengunting Mengalirkan Bersinar Memasang ladam Menembak Menunjukkan Menarik Orang bertobat Mengunci, Menutup Menyanyi Tengelam Duduk Membunuh Tidur Longsor, Meluncur Menyelinap Menyelinap Membela Berbau, Mencium Bau Menaburkan Berbicara Mempercepat Mengeja Mengeluarkan Menumpahkan Memintal Membela Menceraikan Merusakan Membentangkan Melompat Berdiri Melubangi Mencuri Menempatkan Menyebar Menyenggat Melangkah Memukul Memberi tali Mengejar cita – cita Membakar kulit Bersumpah Berpeluh Menyapu Berenang Membual, Membelok Mengambil Mengajar Merobek Menceritakan Memikirkan Berkembang Melemparkan Menikam Melangkah Meluruskan Membuka Mengalami Menjual murah Mengerti Menjamin Menanggung Membatalkan Mengacaukan Berjaga, Bangun Memakai Memakai Menikah Menangis Membasahi Memenangkan Mencium baunya Mencabut Tidak memberi Melawan, Menahan Bekerja Memulas, Menjepit Menulis

   

D.     OBJECT

Object mempunyai arti yang sama dengan Subject, perbedaanya hanya pada ganti perseorangan

SUBJECT	OBJECT
I You We They He She	Me You Us Them Him Her