PARTICIPLE “PRESENT (ACTIVE) PARTICIPLE AND PAST PARTICIPLE”

A.      Present (active) Participle adalah kata kerja bentuk “-ing (V –ing) yang srtinya menunjuk kepada aktivitas yang bersifat pasif (ter, ber).

1.       Sebagai Noun Modifier (keterangan kata benda)

-        The running boy looks very tired

The boy running = The boy who is (was) running = The boy who runs (ran)

-        The singing bird will be sold

The singing bird = The bird which is (was) singing = The bird which sings (sang)

a.       Present (active) Participle sebagai Noun Modifier dapat juga diletakkan sesudah kata benda yang diterangkan.

-        The boy running looks very tired

-        The bird singing will be sold

2.       Sebagai Clause Modifier (keterangan klausa)

a.       Dua peristiwa yang terjadi secara bersamaan yang dilakukan oleh seorang Subject

-        Shouting, he jumped over the fence

(While he was shouting, he jumped over the fence)

-        She was sitting on the chair reading a book

(She was sitting on the chair and she was reading a book)

b.       Dua peristiwa yang terjadi secara berurutan yang dilakukan oleh seorang Subject

-        Having finished his work, he went home

(After he had finished his work, he went home)

-        Having a hotel, she telephoned his parents

(She telephoned her parents after she had found a hotel)

Apabila peristiwa yang kedua terjadi segera setelah peristiwa pertama Present Participle yang menggunakan “having” dapat dipakai

-        Taking a key out of his packet, he opened the door

(He took out a key out of his pocket, then he opened the door)

c.       Peristiwa yang merupakan penyebab terjadinya peristiwa yang lain

-        Being sick, he should stay in bed (Because he sick, he should stay in bed)

-        Feeling tired, I took a rest (I took a rest because I felt tired)

-        Not knowing what to do, she ask her friend

(She ask her friend because she doesn’t know what to do)

B.      Past Participle adalah kata kerja bentuk ke – 3 (V III) yang artinya menunjuk kepada aktivitas yang bersifat pasif

1.       Sebagai Noun Modifier

-        The stolen car has been found

The stolen car = The car which is (was) stolen

-        The interrogated prisoner is John

The interrogated prisoner = The prisoner which is (was) interrogated

Sebagai Noun Monifier Past Participle dapat diletakkan sesudah kata benda yang diterangkan

-        The car stolen has been found

-        The prisoner interrogated is John

2.       Sebagai Clause Modifier sering digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang merupakan penyebab terjadinya peristiwa yang lain

-        Watered everyday, the flowers are fresh

(The flowers are fresh because they are watered everyday)

-        Advised that smoking is not good for his health, he doesn’t smoke anymore

(Because he is advised that smoking is not good for his health, he doesn’t smoke anymore)

C.       Penggunaan Participle sesudah kata kerja Persepsi (sensasi)

Beberpa kata kerja yang dapat digunakan dalam pola ini adalah: see, watch, look, at, hear, listen to, notice, observe, smile, feel, catch, and find.

-        I saw Tommy standing behind the door (active)

-        I saw the dog being beaten (passive)