DIRRECT AND INDIRRECT SPEECH

A.      DIRRECT AND INDIRRECT SPEECH

TENSES	DIRRECT	INDIRRECT
Present	Do, does Is, am, are Have, has Have, has + been	Did Was, were Had Had been
Past	Did Was, were Had Had been	Had Had been Had Had been
Future	Shall, will Shall, will + be Shall, will + have Shall, will + have been	Should, would Should, would + be Should, would + have Should, would + have been
Modal	Can May Must Could	Could Might Had to Could to
Adverb of Place	Now Yesterday Last week Two days ago Today Tomorrow Next month Here This These Today after tomorrow	Than The day before The week before The days before That day The following day The following month There That Those In two days time

B.      Imperative (Kalimat Perintah) kalimat tak langsung bentuk Imperative dibentuk dengan menambahkan “to infinitife” pada kata kerjanya

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Close the window, please.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me to close the window

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Don’t close the window.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me not to close the window

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Be careful on the way.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me not to be careful on the way

C.       Interrogative (Kalimat Tanya)

1.       Yes / No Question (kalimat Tanya yang bisa dijawab dengan “yes atau no”

INDIRRECT SPEECH bentuk “yes atau no” question dibentuk dengan menambahkan konjungsi “if” atau “wheter (apakah)” dan mengubah susunan kalimat Tanya menjadi kalimat berita

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Are the foreigner from Australia?”

INDIRRECT: He asks me if the foreigner is from Australia

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Will the lady move to Jakarta.”

INDIRRECT: He asks me wheter the lady will move to Jakarta

2.       Pronominal Question (Kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan kata Tanya)

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Where are they going?”

INDIRRECT: He asks me where they are going

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Why is Harry absent?”

INDIRRECT: He ask me why Harry is absent

D.      Statement (Kalimat Berita)

INDIRRECT SPEECH yang berasal dari kalimat berita sering ditandai dengan konjungsi “that” Konjungsi ini dapat dihilangkan tanpa mempengaruhi arti

-        DIRRECT: He says, “The war must be ended”

INDIRRECT: He says that the war must be ended = He says the war must be ended

-        DIRRECT: He says, “No one is immortal”

INDIRRECT: He says that no one is immortal = He says no one is immortal

E.      Beberapa perubahan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung

1.       Perubahan Tenses

a.       Kalimat lansung dalam bentuk “present” berubah menjadi “past tense” apabila kata kerja (introductory verb) pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk “past tense”

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The film is very interesting”

INDIRRECT: He said that the film was very interesting

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The country will be bombed.”

INDIRRECT: He said that the country will be bombed

b.       Kalimat langsung bentuk “past” berubah menjadi “past prefect” apabila kata kerja pengenal (introductory verb) pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk “past tense”

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The film was very interesting”

INDIRRECT: He said that the film had been very interesting

-        DIRRECT: He said, “They painted the wall green”

INDIRRECT: He said that they painted the wall green

-        DIRRECT: He asked me, “Why did the man go out”

INDIRRECT: He asked me why the man had gone out

2.       Perubahan Pronoun

-        DIRRECT:“I am very tired”

INDIRRECT: He said that he was very tired

INDIRRECT: She said that she was very tired

INDIRRECT: I said that I was very tired

-        DIRRECT: “I don’t like your going out”

INDIRRECT: He told me that he didn’t like my going out

INDIRRECT: She told him that she didn’t like his going out

3.       Perubahan Adverb

DIRRECT	INDIRRECT
Now	Then
Today	That day
Yesterday	The day before
Tomorrow	The next day, following day
Next	The following
Ago	Before, the previous
Here	There

-        DIRRECT: He said, “I will meet her tomorrow”

INDIRRECT: He said that he would meet her following day

-        DIRRECT: He said, “My sister died a year ago”

INDIRRECT: He said that his sister had died a year before

INDIRRECT: He said that his sister died the previous year