HAVE AND HAVE GOT

A.      HAVE

1.       Digunakan untuk menunjukkan kepemilikan.

-        “I have a pen” or “I have got a pen” memiliki makna yang sama (Saya punya sebuah pulpen).

2.       Berikut beberapa poin utama yang perlu diperhatikan ketika memilih kapan menggunakan have dan kapan menggunakan have got.

HAVE – BENTUK SIMPLE PRESENT DARI HAVE

Singular Affirmative	Plural Affirmative
I have a pen You have a pen She has a pen He has a pen It has a pen	We have a pen You have a pen They have a pen
Negative	Negative
I do not (don’t) have a pen You do not (don’t) have a pen She does not (doesn’t) have a pen He does not (doesn’t)have a pen It does not (doesn’t)have a pen	We do not(don’t) have a pen You do not (don’t) have a pen They do not (don’t) have a pen
QUESTION	QUESTION
Do I have a pen? Do you have a pen? Does she have a pen? Does he have a pen? Does it have a pen?

3.       Pertanyaan dengan kata have dengan menggunakan kata kerja bantu “to do.”

-        (+) You have a pen

(- ) Do you have a pen?

4.       Jika do not dan does not menyertai have maka do not atau does not bisa disingkat menjadi don’t dan doesn’t. Example: He doesn’t have a pen = He does not have a pen.

B.      HAVE GOT

HAVE GOT BENTUK SIMPLE PRESENT DARI HAVE GOT

Singular Affirmative	Plural Affirmative
I have got a pen = I’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen She has got a pen = She’s got a pen He has got a pen = He’s got a pen It has got a pen = It’s got a pen	We have got a pen = We’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen They have got a pen = They’ve got a pen
Singular Affirmative	Plural Affirmative
I have got a pen = I’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen She has got a pen = She’s got a pen He has got a pen = He’s got a pen It has got a pen = It’s got a pen	We have got a pen = We’ve got a pen You have got a pen = You’ve got a pen They have got a pen = They’ve got a pen
Negative	Negative
I have not got a pen = I haven’t got a pen You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen She has not got a pen = She hasn’t got a pen He has not got a pen = He hasn’t got a pen It has not got a pen = It hasn’t got a pen	We have not got a pen = We haven’t got a pen You have not got a pen = You haven’t got a pen They have not got a pen = They haven’t got a pen
QUESTION	QUESTION
Have I got a pen? Have you got a pen? Has he got a pen? Has she got a pen? Has it got a pen?	Have we got a pen? Have you got a pen? Have they got a pen?

CAUSATIVE “HAVE” AND “GET”

A.      CAUSATIVE “HAVE” AND “GET”

1.       CAUSATIVE “HAVE” AND “GET” adalah penggunaan “have” and “get” dalam pola tertentu yang berarti menyuruh atau menghimbau agar orang lain mau melakukan sesuatu.

B.      OBJECT ACTIVE (objeknya melakukan pekerjaan)

1.       Pattern 1: (S + Have + O + V I)

-        I have Ronny paint the door (saya menyuruh Ronny mengecat pintu itu)

-        John has Jane fry the egg (John menyuruh Jane mengoreng telur itu)

Kata kerja sesudah Object tidak mengalami perubahan apabila “have” diubah menjadi bentuk Past atau Future

-        I have (had, will have, have had) Ronny paint the room

2.       Pattern 2: (S + Get + O + To V)

-        The students get the teacher to explain the lesson again (murid-murid meminta guru untuk menerangkan kembali pelajaran itu)

-        Susan gets me to sing the song (Susan meminta saya menyayikan lagu itu)

Kata kerja sesudah Object tidak mengalami perubahan walaupun “get” diubah dalam bentuk Past atau Future

-        Susan gets (got, will get, has got, had got) me to sing the song

C.       OBJECT PASSIVE (objeknya dikenai pekerjaan)

1.       Pattern: (S + Have, Get + O + Verb III)

-        I have the door painted = I get the door painted

-        Tony has his hair cut = Tony gets his hair cut

Kata kerja sesudah Object tidak mengalami perubahan walaupun “have” and “get” diubah kedalam bentuk Past atau Future

-        I have (had, will have) the door painted

-        Tony gets (got, will get) his hair cut

D.      PERYATAAN AFFIRMATIVE bisa menggunakan singkatan dari have got.

1.       Positive Sentence

-        I have got some food = I’ve got some food

-        He has got some food = He’s got some food

2.       Negative Sentence

-        I haven’t got any food = I have not got any food

-        She hasn’t got any food = She has not got any food

E.      PENGGUNAAN DALAM KALIMAT

1.       What have you got?
I’ve got a new jacket. How about you?
I’ve got some new T-shirts.

2.        What do your friends look like?
Greg’s got brown hair, glasses and he’s really tall. Cindy’s got blond hair, blue eyes and she’s slim.
Let’s meet them together!

3.       I’ve got a new apartment.
That’s great! What’s it like?
Well, it’s got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom.
Has it got a nice view?
Sure, you can see the ocean from my window.
That’s excellent.

ELLIPTIC SENTENCES

A.      Elliptic Sentences adalah kalimat yang dibentuk dengan cara menghilangkan beberapa bagian kalimat yang memiliki kesamaan tanpa mengubah makna aslinya.

B.      Elliptic Sentences dapat dibentuk dengan berbagai cara antara lain:

1.       Penggunaan “Too” and “So”

a.       Elliptic Sentences dibentuk dengan “to be (is, am, are)” apabila kalimat yang digabungkan memiliki “to be”

-        He is taking a course in French. She is taking course in French

He is taking a course in French and she is too (and so is she)

b.       Elliptic Sentences dibentuk dengan “Modal (will, can, might) apabila kalimat yang digabungkan memiliki  “modal”

-        I will have an exam tomorrow. She will have an exam tomorrow

I will have an exam tomorrow and she will too (and so will she)

c.       Elliptic Sentences dibentuk dengan “do, does, did” apabila kalimat yang digabungkan tidak memiliki “to be” atau “modal”

-        They like reading novels. We like reading novels

They are like reading novels and we do too (and so do we)

C.       Penggunaan “Either” and “Neither”

Either and Neither digunakan untuk mengabungkan dua kalimat negative

-        He is not taking an English course. She is not taking an English course.

He is not taking an English course and she is not either (and neither is she)

-        John can not play the guitar. Jane can not play the guitar

John can’t play the guitar and Jane can’t either (and neither can’t Jane)

-        I didn’t forget your address. He didn’t forget your address

I didn’t forget your address and he didn’t either (and neither did he)

D.      Penggunaan “But”

But digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat yang berlawanan

-        He wasn’t very busy yesterday. I was very busy yesterday

He wasn’t very busy yesterday but I was

-        They watched television. We didn’t watch television

They watched television but we didn’t

E.      Penggunaan “Both…….And” (keduannya)

-        I eat the apple. I eat the grape

I eat both the apple and the grape

DIRRECT AND INDIRRECT SPEECH

A.      DIRRECT AND INDIRRECT SPEECH

TENSES	DIRRECT	INDIRRECT
Present	Do, does Is, am, are Have, has Have, has + been	Did Was, were Had Had been
Past	Did Was, were Had Had been	Had Had been Had Had been
Future	Shall, will Shall, will + be Shall, will + have Shall, will + have been	Should, would Should, would + be Should, would + have Should, would + have been
Modal	Can May Must Could	Could Might Had to Could to
Adverb of Place	Now Yesterday Last week Two days ago Today Tomorrow Next month Here This These Today after tomorrow	Than The day before The week before The days before That day The following day The following month There That Those In two days time

B.      Imperative (Kalimat Perintah) kalimat tak langsung bentuk Imperative dibentuk dengan menambahkan “to infinitife” pada kata kerjanya

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Close the window, please.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me to close the window

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Don’t close the window.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me not to close the window

-        DIRRECT: He said, “Be careful on the way.”

INDIRRECT: He asked me not to be careful on the way

C.       Interrogative (Kalimat Tanya)

1.       Yes / No Question (kalimat Tanya yang bisa dijawab dengan “yes atau no”

INDIRRECT SPEECH bentuk “yes atau no” question dibentuk dengan menambahkan konjungsi “if” atau “wheter (apakah)” dan mengubah susunan kalimat Tanya menjadi kalimat berita

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Are the foreigner from Australia?”

INDIRRECT: He asks me if the foreigner is from Australia

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Will the lady move to Jakarta.”

INDIRRECT: He asks me wheter the lady will move to Jakarta

2.       Pronominal Question (Kalimat Tanya yang menggunakan kata Tanya)

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Where are they going?”

INDIRRECT: He asks me where they are going

-        DIRRECT: He asks me, “Why is Harry absent?”

INDIRRECT: He ask me why Harry is absent

D.      Statement (Kalimat Berita)

INDIRRECT SPEECH yang berasal dari kalimat berita sering ditandai dengan konjungsi “that” Konjungsi ini dapat dihilangkan tanpa mempengaruhi arti

-        DIRRECT: He says, “The war must be ended”

INDIRRECT: He says that the war must be ended = He says the war must be ended

-        DIRRECT: He says, “No one is immortal”

INDIRRECT: He says that no one is immortal = He says no one is immortal

E.      Beberapa perubahan yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung

1.       Perubahan Tenses

a.       Kalimat lansung dalam bentuk “present” berubah menjadi “past tense” apabila kata kerja (introductory verb) pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk “past tense”

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The film is very interesting”

INDIRRECT: He said that the film was very interesting

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The country will be bombed.”

INDIRRECT: He said that the country will be bombed

b.       Kalimat langsung bentuk “past” berubah menjadi “past prefect” apabila kata kerja pengenal (introductory verb) pada kalimat langsung dalam bentuk “past tense”

-        DIRRECT: He said, “The film was very interesting”

INDIRRECT: He said that the film had been very interesting

-        DIRRECT: He said, “They painted the wall green”

INDIRRECT: He said that they painted the wall green

-        DIRRECT: He asked me, “Why did the man go out”

INDIRRECT: He asked me why the man had gone out

2.       Perubahan Pronoun

-        DIRRECT:“I am very tired”

INDIRRECT: He said that he was very tired

INDIRRECT: She said that she was very tired

INDIRRECT: I said that I was very tired

-        DIRRECT: “I don’t like your going out”

INDIRRECT: He told me that he didn’t like my going out

INDIRRECT: She told him that she didn’t like his going out

3.       Perubahan Adverb

DIRRECT	INDIRRECT
Now	Then
Today	That day
Yesterday	The day before
Tomorrow	The next day, following day
Next	The following
Ago	Before, the previous
Here	There

-        DIRRECT: He said, “I will meet her tomorrow”

INDIRRECT: He said that he would meet her following day

-        DIRRECT: He said, “My sister died a year ago”

INDIRRECT: He said that his sister had died a year before

INDIRRECT: He said that his sister died the previous year